Contents

Foreword   ix

One More Kick at a Battered Old Can 

     A new approach to a very old controversy   xi

Who’s Who The main characters   xviii

1.0 The Zeno Map The reader will be lost without it    1

     1.1. French names on Zeno’s Frislanda   42

                Their strange use by an Italian   

     1.2. Damning the Dated Map and Narrative of 1380   46

     1.3. A matter of focus   54

     1.4. A Confusing title in Lingua Franca   60

2.0. An Introduction to the Zeno Narrative   67

           The source of contention   

     2.1. Zeno’s Arrival at Frislanda What started it all   72

     2.2. Sinclair’s Invasion of Frislanda [Faeros] 73

                Both denial and support for the Narrative 

     2.3. Sinclair’s Problematic Subjugation of Estlanda               

             (Shetlands) A very misunderstood action  84

     2.4. A Couple of Odd Comments Kirkwall and Neome  97

     2.5. Nicolo Goes to Greenland   105

                Shows an existing awareness of that island   

3.0. Zichmni goes West   111

            The Story, the Lore, and the Adventure   

     3.1. The Icaria Question A rational answer   121

4.0. Zichmni crosses the pond Plagued with problems   134

5.0. Charles Godfrey Leland   156

            Who found Norse influence among the Wabanaki   

6.0. Pohl’s Conclusions vs Conjectures   174

           Some good, others not so much   

7.0. The Portage from Baie Verte to Amherst   206

             A natural pathway   

     7.1. Portage from River Hebert to Partridge Island   210

             Created by the hand of a god   

8.0.The Coins Chance finds decades and miles apart   224

9.0 Afterthoughts        233

9.1 Lord, Baron, Earl, Jarl, Duke, or Prince 233

9.2. Am I convinced?  242

9.3. P. S.  245

Appendix A: “Icaria” to Greenland    249

Appendix B: Cunard Crossing Times 251

Appendix C: Map of Greenland     252

Appendix D: Prof. Olson        254

Appendix E: Criticisms of Pohl   257

Appendix F: Sampling of Pohl Reviews      264

Appendix G: Medieval Land & Maritime Trade Routes 266

Appendix H: William Herbert Hobbs      268

Appendix I: Johann Reinhold Forster      271

Appendix J: Ivar Bardsen        273

Appendix K: Comments from the Sinclairs   276

Appendix L: Who was Glooscap     283

Appendix M: Names in the Legends of Glooscap    288

Appendix N: Silas T. Rand    291

Appendix O:The Trinity Question   294

Appendix P: Monumental Errors   299